1.3 A Brief Background The first six months of the year 2020were associated with many challenges since those were the early months of the transitional government whose jurisdiction was heavily entangled with the former regime. For instance, there was disobedience within NISS’ operation department in Khartoum. Also, the presence of PDF in conflict areas and the dominance of RSF in Sudan’s political life and the SAF acts in conflict areas remain the same as before within the former regime. The visibility of the transitional government is generally limited to Khartoum but the other parts of Sudan are still governed by the same state governors of the former regime. For instance the “state of emergency” declared by the former president (AlBashir) is still on in the states/regions under conflict and the violations are still going on mainly committed by RSF and other governmental militias like PDF. Although the peace process is still disorderly (shambolic) and the two main armed groups were not included in the process, there were repeated announcements and extensions of ceasefire by the Sudan government and the armed groups. Noticeably, there was a visit of Sudan prime minister to SPLA-N territory. On the other hand, the economic situation is not good within the population/public. This has been worsened by the measures (like the lockdown) put in place by government to control the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. 1.4 Statement of the problem The violations in conflict areas continued mainly because of the presence of the fully armed/equipped RSF and PDF and the absence of the central government. The former regime agents/members who used to ignore abuse and violations are still active within the public administration. RSF and PDF killed and injured many people/civilians by shooting them directly and sometimes they looted or confiscated property from civilians. But, in Khartoum the violations reduced significantly. Rights were violated in form of arbitrary arrests (security of persons), unlawful killing, denying people rights to fair trial (court) and rights of civilians within conflict areas(insecurity, abuse of authority and excessive use of power). Many times, the 6