support, strategic partnerships, rights empowerment, capacity building, research and advocacy. 1.3 A Brief Background The first half of the year 2021 had many challenges in Sudan. The political scene was dominated by military as the civil political leaders in government jostled and disagreed over positions while ignoring the deteriorating of human rights situation and the wellbeing of people. The human rights issues have not been addressed and this clearly came out during the resignation of one of the Sovereign council members Mrs. Aisha1. Among the reasons she cited during her resignation was the supremacy of the military, the failure to establish the legislative body (parliament) and the continuous failure to listen to the protesters’ voice /demands but responding to protesters with brutality2. The military domination appeared more clearly when the declaration of principle signed by the prime minster with Elheo in Addis Ababa was rejected yet the head of sovereign council later signed the same context with Elhelu in Juba. The negotiation with SPLA-N was based on that (principle) and the government delegation was headed by the military. Currently, the negotiation is on hold and there is no clear statement about the reason why negotiations stopped or when it will resume (Appendix – 1). The judicial reform is uncertain and up to now since toppling of the former regime and the dissolution of the constitutional court judges, no other judges were assigned. Within these six months, the attorney general resigned, there was replacement of the judicial chief and two magistrates recused themselves from presiding over trial proceeding3 of the former regime. There were no findings about the June 2019 massacre or any report from other investigation committees that were formed to investigate violations like that of Algenainah or Kadogli. All this indicate that, there is no rule of law in conflict areas. Generally, the existence of the transitional government is not noticeable in conflict areas. For instance the “state of emergency” declared by the former president (Al- 1 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSWA1H-9jZM https://www.facebook.com/nhrc.sud/videos/540774897354920/ 3 This trial is for 1989 military coup leaders (like the former president Al-Bashir and other Muslim brotherhood leaders who had organized the coup that brought Al-Bashir to power). 2 2