HUDO Centre works towards the promotion of human rights and dignity for vulnerable communities like the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), Refugees in camps in the neighboring country (South Sudan). HUDO also believes in achieving and promoting human welfare without racial, religious or gender discrimination. HUDO Centre‟s mission is to bring human rights to life by producing and shaping human rights tools, raising awareness and enforcing practices that empower people to improve their own lives and the lives of others. HUDO‟s strategic vision is to build a cohesive, civilized and fair society that is stronger where all human beings are equally valued, can fully participate socially, have equal chances to succeed, treated with dignity and respect. HUDO is currently undertaking monitoring of the human rights situation in government controlled areas of South Kordufan (SK), Blue Nile (BN) States and the IDPs from the two states. Together with partners, HUDO Centre trains human rights monitors based in these areas (SK and BN) in order to improve/strengthen their capacity to monitor, document, report and research on human rights violations and abuses taking place. HUDO is also monitoring court processes in order to assess the principles of due diligence and fair trial. 1.2 Background of the study The Conflict in Sudan predate back to historical injustices, social imbalance, religion, political and racial discrimination. The first civil war started on August 1955 a year before independence by the Southern Sudanese2.The conflict erupted due to mistrust which assured later in underdevelopment and discrimination against the Southern region by the Central Government. The region is mostly inhabited by many different ethnic groups3.The conflict was between the Central Government and the rebel group/ Anya Nya4. The first war ended in 1972 by signing Addis Ababa agreement5, which brought relative peace until 1983 when the Sudan Peoples‟ Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/ A)6 was formed. One of the major reasons SPLM/A fought for, is the dishonoring the Addis Ababa Agreement by the Central Government. Other regions and individuals from Northern Sudan also joined the SPLM/A for the reasons of underdevelopment and discrimination. In 1985 South Kordufan/ Nuba 2 For more information please visit: http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/sudan-civil-war1.htm For more information please visit: http://www1.american.edu/faculty/singerman/eagleeyeondarfur/firstsudcivilwar.html 4 Anya Nya (1); was the first group rebelled against the Central Government established on 1963 based onTourit Garrison carried out a mutiny in 1955 Anya Nya (2) was a rebirth of Anya Nya (1). Those two Anya Nyas carried out the first war (1955 - 1972). . For more information please visit: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?mot1989 5 This agreement was signed on 1972 between Joseph Lagu, the Head of Anya Nya 2 and Numeiri, Sudan President by then. 6 For more information please visit: http://fas.org/irp/world/para/spla.htm 3 6