1.6 Statement of the problem Reports from HUDO Centre‟s field monitors and other sources indicate that the human rights situation in SK and BN states had deteriorated since the war broke-out in 2011. The subsequent announcement of the State of Emergency by president of Sudan in 2011 also exaggerated the situation. It became worse after the declaration of the offensive summer/military18 operation by Sudan Ministry of defense in 2014. Nevertheless there was a military campaign carried out by the SPLA-N in the two states meant to disrupt the March-April 2015 elections19. The human rights situation had worsened because of many arbitrary arrests in both states of SK and BN. Many civilians were frequently arrested and accused of being affiliated or associating with SPLA/N. These arrests were carried out by the National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS), Military Intelligence (MI) and the allied government militias. Among those under detention are women and children. The military presence of Sudan Armed Forces (SAF) and its associated militias like the Rapid Support Force (RSF) and Popular Defense Force (PDF) together with the frequent attacks by the SPLA-N in the two states had forced many people to run away from their villages. Most of the people vacated their villages as a result of instructions from SAF or the status of insecurity. The villages were largely destroyed and people could not return hence the displacement. According to field monitors, around nine (12) villages in SK and more than ten (10) villages in BN were burnt down and people were displaced. The security (SAF) ordered people to vacate the villages within two hours. People lost property as they rushed to save their lives. Security forces could not allow the displaced persons to erect settlement camps or have access to humanitarian aid. The violated rights are as follows: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Right to life Security of person Right to fair trial Child Rights Rights of women and girls Right to freedom of movement and residence Rights of civilians within conflict areas Right of Worship 18 “Defense Minister Declared Start of (Defensive Summer) Operation to End Rebellion,” 14 April 2014, for more information please review this website news.sudanvisiondaily.com/details.html?rsnpid=234529 19 Sudan National election please review http://www.panapress.com/Sudan--Voting-opens-in-Presidential,Parliamentary-polls--12-630432029-105-lang2-index.html 12