ﻲ
ل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺭﺘﺩﺍ ِﺩ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻠ
ﻱ ﺤﺎ ٍ
ﻁ ﺒﺎ ﹼﻨ ﻪ ﺭﺩﻴﻑﹲ ﻷ
ﻑ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹸ
)ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ،ﺍﻹﻨﺒﻬﺎﻡ( ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤﻴﺔ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻭﺼ ﹶ
ل ﺫﻝﻙ.
ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺭﻭﺤﻲ ،ﺃﻭ ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭ ِﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬ ِﻡ ﺇﺭﺍﺩ ِﺓ ﺍﷲِ ،ﺃﻭ ﻗﹲلْ ﻫﻭ ،ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻡ ،ﻋﺎﻗﺒﺔ ﻗﺼﻭﺭ ﻫﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺀ ﺇﺯﺍ ﺀ ﻓﻌ ِ
ﻲ ﻗﺒـل ﻗﺭﺍﺀﺘـﻪ،
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﻀﺎ ِﺓ ﺍﻝﺤﻤـﺩﺍﻨ
ﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺸﺒﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺸﻌﺭ ﺒﻪ ﻋﻴ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﹼﻭ
ل ﺫﺍ
ﻭﻝﻌ ّ
ﺕ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺩﺍﻴﺎﺕﹾ"
ل ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻴﺎ ِ
ﻏ ِﻤ ﺭﺕﹾ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻜ ﱡ
ﻥ ﹸ
ﻥ ﺸﺎﻁﺌﻴ ٍ
ﺃﺨﻴﺭﺍﹰ ،ﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻝﻐﺯﺍﻝﻲ " -:ﻜﺎﻥ ﻗﻠﺒﻲ ﺒﺤﺭﹰﺍ ﻤﻭﺍﺭﹰﺍ ﺒﺩﻭ ِ
ﻱ
ل ﻝﻴﺒ ﻴﻥ ،ﺒﺠﻼﺀٍ ،ﺃ
ﻲ ﻗﺩ ﺃُﺭﺴ َ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﹼﺒ
ﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﺴﻴﺭ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃ
)ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻝﻴﻤﺎﻥ ...(115 :ﻴﺼ ﺭ ﺍﺒﻥ ﺘﻴﻤﻴﻪ ،ﻓﻲ ﻤﻘﺩﻤﺎ ِ
ﻁ‘
ﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻤﻌﺭﻓﺘﻪ )ﻨﺎﺼﺭ ﻭﻝﻴﻤﺎﻥ .(390 :ﺇﻥ ﻴﺴﻠﹼﻡ ﺒﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ ﻴﻜﹸﻥ ﺜﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻤﻔ ﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﹼﺨ ﹶﺫ ’ﺍﻹﺨـﺘﻼ ﹸ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﺫﻴﻥ ﻻ ﻴﺴﺘﻁﻴﻌﻭﻥ ،ﺃﻭ ﻻ ﻴـﺸﺎﺅﻭﻥ ،ﺃﻥ ﻴﻔﻬﻭﻤـﺎ.
ﻰ ﺴﻠﺒ ﻴﹰﺎ ﺘﻘ ﻊ ﹶﺘ ِﺒ ﻌ ﹸﺘ ﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻭﻝﺌ
ﺱ( ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻡِ ،ﻤﻌﻨ
)ﺍﻝﻠﹼﺒ
ﻙ ﺍﻝـﺫﻴﻥ
ل ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻔﺎﺴﻘﻴﻥ ﺇﺫ ﻫﻭ ﻴـﺸﺘﹼﺕ ﻭﻴﺒﻬـﺕ ﺍﻭﻝﺌـ
ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻴﻜﹸﻥ ﺍﷲُ ،ﺭﻏﻡ ﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻬﺎﺩﻱ ﻝﻠﻤﻬﺘﺩﻴﻥ ،ﺍﻝﻤﻀ ّ
ﻙ ﻤـﻥ
ﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻴﺠﺭﺅ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺨ ِﺫ "ﻤﻭﺘﻴﻔ ٍﺔ" ﻗﺭﺁﻨ ﻴ ٍﺔ )ﺩﻋـ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﹼﺭ .ﻭﺤﻘﻴﻘ ﹸﺔ ﺃ
ﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺭﺸﺎﺩ ِﻩ ﻭﻴ ﹼﺘﺒﻌﻭ
ﻴﻌﺭﻀﻭ
ﻲ -ﻝﺤ ﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎ ِﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺭ ِﺓ ﻫﺒ ﹰﺔ ﻤـﻥ
ﻰ ﺇﻴﺠﺎﺒ
ﻜﻭﻨِﻬﺎ ﺇﻨﺠﻴﻠ ﻴ ِﺔ ﻜﺫﻝﻙ( ﺃُﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠ ﻴ ٍﺔ ﻜـ"ﺍﻝﻠﹼﺒﺱ" )ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ( ﻭﻴﻔﻌﻤﻬﺎ ﺒﻤﻌﻨ
ﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﺴﻭﺭ ِﺓ ﻭﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺘﺩلﱡ ،ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﺭﺍﺩﻴﻜﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ
ﷲ ﻝﻠﻌﺒﺩ -ﻻ ﺘﺸﻬﺩ ،ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺼﺎﻝ ِﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﹼﻴ ِ
ﺍ ِ
ﻥ ﺇﻋـﺎﺩ ﹶﺓ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺭﻴ ِﻡ ﻤﺜل ﺴﻭﺭﺓ ﻨﹸـﻭﺡ .ﺇ
ﻱ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺁ ِ
ﺦ ﺒﻠﻭﻏ ﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ِﺓ ﺘﻔﺴﻴﺭ ِﻩ )ﺃﻭ ﺘﺄﻭﻴﻠ ِﻪ( ﻵ ٍ
ﻻ ﻴﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﻝﺸﹼﻴ ﹸ
ﺽ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺯﺍﻋ ِﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺄﻝﻭﻓ ِﺔ -ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺘﻤﻭﻀـ ﻊ
ﻙ )ﺃﻭ ﺘﺂﻭﻴِﻠ ِﻪ( ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﺴﻨﺭﻯ ،ﺴﻭﻑ ﺘﺴﺘﺩﻋﻲ ﻤﺴﺎﺀﻝ ﹶﺔ ﺒﻌ ٍ
ﺘﻔﺎﺴﻴ ِﺭ ِﻩ ﺘﻠ
ﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻜﺎﻥ ،ﻓﻲ ﺃﺼﻠﻪِ" ،ﺃﺭﺜﻭﺫﻭﻜﺴ ﻴﹰﺎ" ﻭ"ﺘﻘﻠﻴﺩ ﻴﹰﺎ" )ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ
ﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﹼﺎﺌﻊ -ﻋﻥ ﻜﻭ ِ
ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜ ِﺯ ﺍﻝﻔِﻜ ِﺭ ﺍﻹﺴﻼﻤ
ﺉ ﺴﻠﻔ ﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ،ﻜﺫﻝﻙ" ،ﻤﺭﺁ ﹰﺓ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻐ ﹶﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻼ ِﺀ،
ﻤﺤﻤﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﹸﺭﺍﺏ ،ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻝﻴﺱ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺍﻤﺭ ً
ﺏ ﻭﺍﻹﺴﺘﻭﺍﺀ ،ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻨﺩ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺭﺃﻱ -ﺃﻨﻅﺭِ :ﻫﺭﺘﻨﺸﺘﺎ ِﻴﻥ ﻭﺘﻴﺭﻨﺎﻥ.(224 :
ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻨﺎﺴ ِ
ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴﻙ ،ﺤ ّل ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ،ﺇﺤﺒﺎﻁ ﺍﻻﻨﻅﻤﺔ
ﺽ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺘﻪ" ،ﺍﻝﻼﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ"de-
ﻥ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺍﻗﺘﺭﺡ ،ﻓﻲ ﺒﻌ ِ
ﻲ ﻤﻀﻤ ٍﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ" .ﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺭﻏﻡ ﺃ
ﺜﻤ ﹸﺔ ﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﺴﻠﺒ
ﺱ
لﺤ
) structurationﻤﺘﺭﺠﻤﺎ ً ،ﻓﻲ ﺫﻝﻙ ،ﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﻫﺎﻴﺩﻗﺭ ﺍﻷﻝﻤﺎﻨﻴﺔ (destructionﻜﺘﻌﺒﻴ ٍﺭ ﺃﻭﻓﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﺼﺎ ِ
ﻥ ﺘﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﺩﻨﺎ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻝﻭﺼﻑ ﺁﺜﺎﺭِ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻭ"ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻨﺎﺜﹸﺭ"
ﻲ )ﻤﺩﻗﻠﻲ .(16 :ﺇ
ﺢ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨ
ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻁﻠ ِ
ل ﻤﻤﻠﻜ ٍﺔ" ) ،(22:1982ﺇ ﹼﻨ ﻪ ﻴﻨ ﺩ ﻋﻥ
ﻀ ِﻭﻱ .ﺇﹼﻨ ﻪ "ﻴﻐﺭﻱ ﺒﻬﺩ ِﻡ ﻜ ّ
ﻑ ﻝﻔﻭ
ﻤﺤﻴﺭ/ﻤﻠ ِﺒﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺤ ﺩ ﺫﺍﺘ ِﻪ ..ﺇ ﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹶ
ﺠ ﻪ" )1987ﺃ .(85 :ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻭ
ل ﻨﺴ
ﻁ ﻋﻘ ﺩ" ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨﺹ" ،ﻴﻬﻠﻬ ُ
ل ﺒﻨﻴﺘﻬﺎ" )1987ﺃ ،(84 :ﺇﻨﹼﻪ "ﻴﻔﺭ ﹸ
ل ﻫﻴﺌ ٍﺔ ﻭﻴﺨﻠﺨ ُ
ﻜّ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌ ﹶﺔ
ﻙ ﻫﻲ ﺘﻌﺒﻴﺭﺍﺕﹲ )ﺃﻭ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺤﺎﺕﹲ( ﺘﹸﺒﻴ
ﻲ" ﻝﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋ ِﻪ )1987ﺃ .(45 :ﺘﻠ
"ﻴﻔﺠﺭ ﺍﻻﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﺎﻨﺘﻴﻜ
4
Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines
Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities
ا ا دا رات وا ث اداب وا ن وا
www.sudan-forall.org
م ا
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents