ل ﻤﺎ ﻗﺩ ﻴﺼﻴ ﺭ ﻨﻅﺎﻤﺎﹰ،
ﻙﻜّ
؛ ﺍﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ،([207-206 :1972ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺓﹲ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﺔﹲ ﻤﺘﻌﻠﹼﻘﺔﹲ ﺒﺘﻔﻜﻴ ِ
ﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻤﻴﻕ ﻓـﻲ
ﺸ ﺩ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻭﻜﹼﺩ ﻩ .ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺯﻉ ﺍﻝﻀ ﺩ-ﺇﻓﻠﻭﻁﻴﻨ
ﺕ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ )ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺒﺎﺱ( ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨ ﹸ
ﻫﻭ ﺫﺍ ﹸ
ﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﺸ ﺩ ﻋﻭﺩ ﹰﺓ ﻤﺴﺘﺤﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ ،ﺘﺤﻠﹼل ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤ ِﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺭﺓ .ﻭﺫﻝﻜـﻡ ﻤـﺴ ﺒﺏ
ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺔ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻴ ّﺅ ﹸﻜﺩ ،ﺒﺩ ﹰ
ﻲ" ﻭ"ﻏﻴ ِﺭ ﻤﺘﺒ ﺩلٌ"
ﺒﺄﺸﻴﺎ ٍﺀ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺫﻜ ﺭ ﻤﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺼلِ ،ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﺃﺒﺩﹰﺍ -ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻴﺒﺩﻭ -ﺜﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻭﺍﺤ ٍﺩ "ﺼﻔ
ﻝﻜﻲ ﻴﺒﺩﺃ ﺍﻝﻤﺭ ﺀ ﻤﻨ ﻪ:
ﻥ ﺸﺒﻬﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ "ﻤﻌﻨﻰ" ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﻅﹼﻲ )ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺒﻌﺜﺭ( ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺘﺤﺎﻝ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻭﺩ ِﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻭﺤﺩﺓِ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎ ﺩ ﻭﺼﻠﹸﻬﺎ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ ﻭﺘﻌـﺩﻴﻠﹸﻬﺎ ....ﻫـل ﻴﻜـﻭﻥ
ﺇ
ﻥ
ل ﻜﺫِﻝﻙ؟ ....ﺇ
ل ﻤﻨﻔ ٍﺫ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻭ ِﺩﻱ ﻝﻤﺩﻝﻭ ٍ
ﻲ ﻝﻜ ّ
ﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔِ ،ﺍﻝﻤﻨ ﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠ ِﺒ
ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﻅﹼﻲ )ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺒﻌﺜﺭ( ،ﺒﻬﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻭﺼﻴﻑ ،ﻫﻭ ﺨﺴﺎﺭﺓَ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺍﻝﻨﹼﻭ ِ
ﺴ ﹶﻜ ﹰﺔ ﻨﻔﺴﻬﺎ ﻓـﻲ
ﻙ ﺜﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻤﺎ ﺩ ٍﺓ ﻋﺫﺭﺍﺀ ﺴﺎﺒﻘ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻭﻗﺎﺌﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻤﺸ ِﺭ ﹶﻓ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺸﺄ ِﻨﻪِ ،ﻤﻨﺎ ِﺜ ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻤﻤِ
ﻥ ﻫﻨﺎِﻝ
ﺽﺃ
ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﻅﹼﻲ )ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺒﻌﺜﺭ( ﻻ ﻴﻔﺘﺭ
ﺕ ﺴﻴﺭﻭﺭ ِﺓ ﺘﻭﺍﹸﻝ ِﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ،ﺩﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻭ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ ،ﻤﻨﻘﹶـ ِﺴ ﻤﺔﹾ )ﺩﺭﻴـﺩﺍ
ﻕ ﺫﺍ ﹶ
ﺠﻭﺍ ِﺀ ﻝﺤﻅ ٍﺔ ﺜﺎﻨﻴ ٍﺔ )ﺃﻭ ’ﺍﹸﺨﺭﻯ‘( ﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻴﻭﱢﺜ ﹸ
.(300 :1972
ﻥ ﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔﹰ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﺼلِ ،ﻝﻠﻜﺜﺭ ِﺓ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺎ ﻴﺸ ﹼﻜلُ،
ﻱ "ﻭﺤﺩ ٍﺓ ﺃﺼﻠ ﻴ ٍﺔ" ﺃﻭ "ﻜﹸﻼﻨ ﻴ ٍﺔ" )"ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻋﺫﺭﺍﺀ"( ﻗﺩ ﺘﻜﻭ
ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻨﻔﻲ ﻷ
ﻕ
ﺠﺢِ ،ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﺸ ﺩ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ .ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻴﺴﺘﺒﻌ ﺩ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﻔـﺭ ﹸ
ل ﺍﻝﻤﺭ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺠ ِﻪ ﺍﻹﺤﺘﻤﺎ ِ
ﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻭﻗﻔﻴﻬﻤـﺎ ﺘﺠـﺎﻩ
ﻙ ﻜﺜﻴﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻘﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺫﻴﻨﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻔ ﹼﻜ ِﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﻭﻓ
ﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨ ِﺔ ﻴﺒﻘﻰ ﻫﻨﺎﻝ
ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴ
ﻥ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺃﻜﺜ ﺭ
ﻑ ﻝﻨﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺃ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺘﺒﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺘﹸﻜﺸ ﹸ
ﻤﺴﺄﻝﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺤﻴﺭﺓ )ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺒﺎﺱ/ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ( .ﺇ
ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻜﹼﺭﻴﻥ ﻻ ﺇﻓﻠﻭﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ]ﺍﻹﻓﻠﻭﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ "ﺍﻷﻓﻼﻁﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ" -ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺭﺠﻡ[ ،ﻭﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻤـﺩﻫﺵﹲ ﻝﻠﻤـﺭ ِﺀ ﺇﻥ
ﻍ/ﺨـﻼ ٍﺀ
ﻼ( .ﺜﻤ ﹸﺔ ﻓـﺭﺍ ٍ
ﻴﺴﺘﻌﺩ ﺒﻌﻀ ﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻷﺴﻤﺎ ِﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺒﺫﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻻﺌﺤﺔ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺍﻷﺜﻴﺭﺓ )ﺒﻨﺠﺎﻤﻴﻥ ﻭﺒﻼﻨﺸﻭﺕ ،ﻤﺜ ﹰ
ﻱ
ﺙﻷ
ﻱ ﺤﻴ ٍ
ﻙ ﻫﻭ ’ﻤﻜﺎﻥ ‘ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﺃ
ﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﹼ��ﻅﹼﻲ )ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺒﻌﺜﺭ( ﺍﻝﺩﺭﻴ ِﺩﻱ ،ﻭﺫﺍ
ﻻ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺍﺤﺩ ،ﻫﻨﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠ ِ
ﻴﻜﻤﻥ ،ﺒﺩ ﹰ
ل ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔَ" ﻝﻸﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ ،ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﺃﻯ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ،ﻻ ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴـ ﹰﺔ
ﻕ ﻤﻌﻨﻭﻱ) "ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ .(350 :1972ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺠﻌ ُ
"ﻋﻤ ٍ
ﻑ
ﺵ ﻭﻻ ﻴﻜـ ﱡ
ﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺒﺩﺍﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﺸﺘﹼﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﺎﺜﺭﺓ ،ﻭﻀﻌ ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﺒﻼ ﺒﺩﺍﻴ ٍﺔ ﻭﻻ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔ ،ﺒﻼ ﻤﺭﻜ ٍﺯ ﻭﻻ ﻫـﺎﻤ ٍ
ﻥ ﻋﻥ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺘﻬﺎ ،ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ ،ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺎ ِﻭﻝﹸﻭﺍ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻴﻤﻭﺍ ،ﻓﻲ ﻤﻌ ﻤﻌﺎﻨِﻬﺎ ،ﻨﻅﺭﻴﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍﺘ ﻬﻡ ﻭﺤﻘـﺎﺌﻘ ﻬﻡ ﻏﻴـ ﺭ
ﺍﻝﻐﺎﻓﻠﹸﻭ
ﻙ ﻤﻁﻠﻘﹰﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﻨﺯِﻴﺎﺡ.
ل ﻻ ﺘﻨﻔ
ﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺭﻤﺎ ٍ
ﺠ ﻬﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺘﺎﻓﻴﺯﻴﻘ ﻴ ﹶﺔ ﻝﻴﺴﺕﹾ ﻤﺘﹼﻜﺌ ﹰﺔ ﺇ ﹼ
ﻥ ﺃﺒﺭﺍ
ﻥﺃ
ﻤﺩﺭ ِﻜﻴ
ﺙ ﺍﻝﻁﱡﻭﻓﺎﻥ
ﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻭﺤﺩﻴ ﹸ
ﺇﺒ
ﻝﻭ ﺨﺭﺝ ]ﻫﻭ[ ﻋﻥ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ]ﻫﻭ[ ﻭﻝﻭ ﻜﺎﻥ ]ﻫ ﻭ[ ﻓﻲ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻜﻥ ]ﻫﻭ[.
13
Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines
Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities
ا ا دا رات وا ث اداب وا ن وا
www.sudan-forall.org
م ا
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