ل ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﹰ ،ﻤﻠﺘﺤﻤﹰﺎ ﻭ ﻤﺘﹼﺴﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻁﻘ ﻴﺎﹰ ،ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ
ﺹ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﻭ َ
ﻑ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ ،ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍ ِﻡ ﻨ
ﻹﻝﺯﺍ ِﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺤ ﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘ ﹸ
ﺕ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭﺴﺭل -ﺫﻝﻙ
ﻥ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﺫﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ،ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ،ﺫﺍ ﹸ
ﺃﺤﺩﺍ .ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺃ
ﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﺫﺍﺘِﻬﺎ" ﻭﻴﻨﺸ ﺩ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ "ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴﺔ" -ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ
ﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺍ ﺩ ﺃﻥ "ﻴﺅﻭ
ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩﻴﻜﺎﺭﺘ
ﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﻘ ﺩ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨ ِﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﺩﺙ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘ ٍﺔ
ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻭﻜﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﻥ ]ﺃﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ[ ﺤﻴ ﹸ
ﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺼﺩﻯ
ﻲ -ﺍﻝﻼ ﻋﻘﻼﻨ
ﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌ ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨ
ل ﺫﺍ ِ
ﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ،ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ ،ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺎﺒﻴ ِ
ﻋﻘﻼﻨ ﻴ ٍﺔ -ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠ ﻴ ٍﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭ ِ
ﺕ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﻔﻴﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼ
ﻝﻨﻘﺩﻫﺎ ،ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ ،ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ،ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼ ﻭﺭِ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ،ﺫﺍ ﹸ
ﻙ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﻜﺸﻑ
ﺱ ﻋﻼﻗ ٍﺔ "ﻻ ﻋﻨﻔ ﻴ ِﺔ" ﻤﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﹸﻼﻨﻲ ()ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝ ﹸﻜﻠﹼﻲ( ،ﻓﺘﻠ
ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ِﺓ ﺘﺄﺴﻴ ِ
ﺹ ﺍﻝﻬﺠﻨﺔ" le reve d'une
ﺤﹸﻠ ﻡ ﻓﻜ ٍﺭ ﺨﺎﻝ ِ
ﺤﹸﻠ ٍﻡ" ﻭﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺒﺄ ﹼﻨ ﻪ "
ﻝﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﻯ "
ل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﻜﻥ -ﺇﺫﹰﺍ-
] . perse' purement heterologique [Derrida 1967: 151ﻓﻲ ﻜ ّ
ﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻭﺍ )ﺃﻭ ’ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻬﻡ‘ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻭﺍ( ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴﻬﻴﺊ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻜﻠ ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﻗﻨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﺌﺔ ﺒﺎ
ﺨﺔﹾ.
ﺴﹶ
ﺍﻝﻠﹼﻐ ِﺔ )ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ( ﻤ ﹶﻜ ﺭ ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻭﻤﺴ ﹶﺘﻨﹾ
ﺨﻴﻼﺀ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻴﻠﻴﺔ ،ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘ ﹸﺔ
ﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻝﻠ ﹸ
ﻕ ﺫﻝ
ﺍﻝﺸﻲ ﺀ ﺍﻷﻜﺜ ﺭ ﺠﺫﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﻫﺘﻤﺎ ِﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ ،ﻓﻭ ﹶ
ﻙ )ﻭﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴﻜﻴﺔ( .ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻝﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝ ﻌﻠﹶﻡ "ﺍﷲ" ﻨﹸﻭﺜﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻝﺴﻥ
ﻑ ﻝﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴ ِ
ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻜﺭﺩﻴ ٍ
ﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﻜﹼﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ
ﻭﺃُﺒﻬﻤﺕ ﻭﺘﻀﺎﻋﻔﺕ" )ﻜﺎﻤﻭﻑ249 :؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ1987 :ﺏ .(207 :ﺇ
ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻴﺔ .ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﻬ ﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺸﻅﻴ ِﺘﻪِ ،ﺒﺘﻜﺴﻴﺭﻩ ﻤ ﺯ ﹶﻗﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻴﺘﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ،
ل ﻜﺴﺭﻩ
ﻥ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻔﻌﻠﻭﻥ .ﻝﻜﻥ ،ﻤﻊ ﻜ ّ
ﻓﺜﻼﺜﹰﺎ ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﻭﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴﺨﻁﹼﻁﻭ
ﻉ ﻭﺇﺒﻬﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺇﻝ ﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋل ﻝﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ
ﻝﻠﻨﹼﻔﻭﺱِ ،ﺇﺭﻏﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺴﺎﻤﻴﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺘﹼﻀﺎ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝ ﻌﻠﹶﻡ "ﺍﷲ" )ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻤﻰ
ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻝﻜﻨﹼﻪ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤ ٍﻭ ﻤﺎ ،ﻴﻜﻥ ﻫﻭ ،ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ،ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻔﻜﹼﻙ ﻨﻔﺴ ﻪ )ﺫﺍﺘ ﻪ(" -:ﺇ
ﺙ ﻴﺩلّ ،ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ ،ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤ ٍﻭ ﻤﻠﺘﺒﺱٍ ،ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺴﻥِ ،ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻔﻲ .ﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺒﺤﻴ ﹸ
ﺍﷲ ﺒﻪ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ( ﻤﻨﻘﺴﻡ ﻤﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ ،ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻝ
ل ﺫﺍ ِﺘ ِﻪ -:ﻤﻨﻘﺴﻡ ،ﻤﺘﻭ ﺯﻉ ،ﻤﺘﻘﻠﹼﺏ
’ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺒﺎﺱ‘ )ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ( .ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻠﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺃُﻀﺭﻤﺕ ��ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀِ ،ﺩﺍﺨ َ
ﷲ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ1987 :ﺏ.(207 :
ﻙﺍ ُ
ﺍﻝﻬﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ -ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴﻔ ﹼﻜ
ﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ .ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻴﺭﻯ ﻫﺫﺍ
ﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻨﻔﺴ ﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋ ِﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔ
ﺕ -:ﺇ
ﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺸﻲﺀ ﻗﺎﻝ ﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﺩﺓ ﻤﺭﺍ ٍ
ﺕ
ﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻨﺎﺯﻋﺎ ِ
ﻲ ﻨﻔﺴ ﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﺭﻴﺴ ﹰﺔ ﻝﺫﺍ ِ
ﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﻜ
لﺇ
ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴ ٍﺭ ﺃﻜﺜ ﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻨ ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﻴﻘﻭ ُ
ﻙ
ﻙ ﻭﺍﻝ ﻤ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻜ ِ
ﺏ ﻝﻤﺤﻠﹼﻪ ،ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻔ ﱢﻜ ِ
ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﺎﻨﻁﻴﻘﻴﺔ( ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺸﻔﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ .ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕﹶ ،ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﺴ
8
Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines
Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities
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