Khalil, 41 years old from Tunjur tribe in El Fasher of North Darfur. He lives with his two children at Kiryandongo refugee settlement, Uganda. Before coming to Uganda, and specifically at the beginning of armed conflict (April 2023), he was a resident of Ombada in Omdurman, Sudan. At the start of the war, he was arrested and tortured by RSF soldiers. “By September 2024, I decided to leave Khartoum for Nyala with my children. Early March 2025 (before reaching Nyala), I returned to Omdurman after hearing that the situation had improved. On arrival, I found my home occupied by RSF members, specifically Bashir and AlZubair. After confronting them, they left, but the next day they returned in RSF uniform, accompanied by a commander named Radi. They took me in a vehicle to a school near Ombada Police Station. While there, they beat me harshly and insulted me with ethnic slurs: “You slave, you Ambai, you Abulda”. They tortured me and threatening to kill my children if I reported or challenged them. After humiliation, I decided to leave Sudan for good with my children and I traveled to Uganda.”58 Kafi, 41 years, is from South Kordofan/Nuba Mountains, but the armed conflict started when he together with his family were residents of Khartoum. “When the armed conflict began on 15th April 2023 I was living in Khartoum, in Al-Shajara /AlLamab neighbourhood. On 21st July 2023 at about 2:00 pm, while I was walking, eight masked armed members of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) wearing kadmoul59 intercepted me with a military vehicle (a Land Cruiser). They beat me and forced me into their vehicle and took me to Jabra neighbourhood. They put me inside a house where I found about fourteen detained men, including elderly men. They also seized my two smartphones. They began beating me with whips and sticks and verbally abusing me and then asked me about my tribe. I told them I am from the Nuba tribe. They tortured me physically and insulted me. They said: “You are sons of Kabbashi60” and that “we cannot live in the same country because you are the reason we couldn’t capture Khartoum.” 58 Interviewed with Khalil on 17th July 2025 Kiryandongo Refugee Settlement, Uganda. 59 This is a covering worn over the head and face used by the desert nomads (camel keepers) to protect them from the dust and direct sunbeams. It has been used widely by Darfur armed groups (mostly Zagawa) and Arab militias who are historically camel keepers living in desert conditions. 60 Referring to the deputy commander of the Sudanese Armed Forces, General Shas-Eldin al-Kabbashi, who is from Nuba ethnicity. 29