In both SK and BN the cost of living is high, prices for essential commodities are high because of limited supply caused by insecurity and this led to famine in most areas as it is happening in the entire Sudan. Like in the other regions of Sudan, the war also affected the natives of South Kordufan along tribal lines. The most active tribe that has members affiliated to RSF in South Kordufan is Hawazma mainly from Abu-Kershola locality. Other affected sub-tribes which are affiliated to Hawazma are; Aseera, Toogeya (among them Dar Kaabir), Ayatga (Hamid’s Omoodya), Dar Faied, Dar Ali, Dar Hesaiba, Dar Jegir, Awlad Maksour among others. The people belonging to such tribes were targeted by SAF. The authorities (police in particular) tended to refuse to carry out investigations on cases brought before them especially where armed people or soldiers were involved. There were many occurrences of arbitrarily arrests by SAF and Military Intelligence (MI) mainly targeting civil society actors, others were accused of being pro-Forces of Freedom and Change (the FFC is a block of political groups that were mainly in opposition during the Bashir regime and were the drivers of the transitional period)). People were imprisoned incommunicado, others detained in military bases and sometimes civilians were detained for travelling in areas occupied by SPLA-N or mere suspicion that one is associated to RSF. 1.5 Aim and Objectives Aim This report aims to bring to light the human rights violations and abuses in SK and BN states of Sudan (government territory) and the situation of IDPs from the two states. Objectives  To provide information to the United Nations’ Human Rights Expert for Sudan, African Union (AU), Amnesty International (AI), Human Rights Watch (HRW), INGOs, the Diplomatic Missions/ embassies in Sudan, institutes and individuals in order to enhance their efforts to improve the human rights situation in Sudan.  To lobby and engage the Sudanese Civil Society and other stakeholders for the advancement of human rights advocacy.  To study the human rights situation in the conflict zones of SK and BN in Sudan and come up with appropriate recommendations. 3