3 Brief background By June 2016 the war in SK entered its sixth year and approximately in BN. since it erupted in 2011. There are no significant changes on ground however, the two fighting parties government of Sudan (GoS) and Sudan People Liberation Army – North (SPLAN) announced a ceasefire. The situation of lawlessness in the two states affected by the state of emergency which announced by president of Sudan since the war erupted in 2011. Other element affecting the human rights situation is the presence of government allied militias that are dominated by certain nomads‟ tribes yet, the main inhabitants are cultivators (farmers). The newly recruited governor for Dilling locality announced in September 2016 the first step of a unilateral peace initiative as to allow the elders, women, children and patients to move freely between the government and SPLA-N territories. But, the implementation of this initiative was interrupted by Military Intelligence (MI) and National Intelligence and Security Services (NISS), which arrested some people as they moved. The political and humanitarian status remains as same, no progress achieved. 4 Problem statement Although both government and SPLA-N announced ceasefire in May-2016, the human rights situation in SK and BN states has not improved. The general state of insecurity and violations persisted since SK and BN are still under the „state of emergency’ as declared by the president of Sudan in 2011. The number of people arrested had reduced relatively but other violations have been going on including civilian insecurity in which many were killing, injured and raped. Nevertheless, police did not held a credible investigation since the perpetrators are recorded as anonymous yet in some cases the perpetrators were known and moving freely. There are cases of rape whereby the victims have accused security agencies including the police but no credible investigations have been carried out. Many people have been killed in Talodi where the gold mines2 are located and police did not help with investigations. The PDF forces have notoriously attacked, killed and sometimes looted villages. Currently, the conflict between nomads (cattle keepers) and the cultivators is exaggerated by PDF members‟ support to their tribes. There are other ongoing violations based on religion. For instance, there are threats with stern warnings from Sudan authorities to demolish some churches. Also there are pending cases against Christian leaders like the ongoing case/trial at Khartoum Centre court against Pastors‟ and an activist. 2 There are six gold mines in Talodi locality, those are: 1) Altugula, 13 km east Talodi 2) Al-Lafa, 10 km southeast Talodi. 3) Aldaam Alsareea (RSF), 8 km northeast Talodi 4) Meraidan, 14 km southeast Talodi 5) Alhamia (military HQ), 3km east Talodi 6) Alshargey, 20 km east Talodi. 2