1.7 Limitation and Challenges 1. The imposed State of Emergency in the two states restricts the movement of monitors. This directly affected the process and time taken in collecting data. 2. The continuous suspicion from intelligence (NISS and MI) whereby any new comers in towns or anybody talking about rights was watched. They conducted many check points which hindered the movement of monitors within the two states. 3. Insecurity due to the ongoing conflict between government forces and the SPLAN. 4. Poor means of transport whereby roads are not very accessible and most of them are seasonal. 5. Some of the victims and witnesses do not easily reveal information due to security threats. According to interviews that were conducted by HUDO monitors, some of the victims or the witnesses expressed their fears from security agencies. 6. The number of monitors was not enough to cover the incidents in the two states easily. 2.0 Arbitrary Arrest: Over-all description; HUDO Centre observed the situation through their monitors and other focal persons. The arbitrary arrests jointly carried out by NISS, MI and the government associated militias were mainly unlawful. Many people arrested were unarmed civilians from different villages and towns, were accused of associating or supporting the SPLA-N. They arrest anybody irrespective of age or sex/gender and treat the detainees inhumanly. In the following section we illustrate the detailed findings on how the arbitrary arrests were carried out in SK and BN. 2.0.1 Arbitrary Arrest in South Kordufan On Feb. 2nd 2015, a group of Military Intelligence (MI) soldiers from Al Abbasiya town arrested Adam Essa Agoumy, 35 years, who is a member of SPLM-N. He was detained from his village called Mabsout. The MI soldiers came in three vehicles (land cruiser) when they reached Mabsout, they immediately shot firing in the air before arresting him. He was later transported to SAF headquarter in El Obeid by then. Later they transferred him to Al Abbasiya and filed a criminal case against him, accusing him under article (130) Intentional murder according to Sudan criminal Act 1991. They accused him that he killed a civilian at Moreib village in 2011. The defendant‟s lawyer objected the accusation. However, the procedures seem to prove unfair trial since the Judge did not give the defendant‟s lawyer enough time for his defense argument. He also refused to 13