Executive summary This report indicates incidents that occurred between January to December 2024 and the main purpose is to bring to light the human rights violations and abuses that took place in South Kordufan (SK) and Blue Nile (BN) States (government-controlled territories) of Sudan. HUDO Centre’s access to SPLA-N controlled area is very limited and the number of human rights monitors on ground is limited because of the ongoing war between SAF and RSF in Sudan. Some of the monitors were displaced within and outside of Sudan. The information that was included in this report was gathered by trained human rights monitors under difficult conditions. This data (information) was later reviewed and compiled by an experienced reporting panel. Human rights were violated especially the security of persons, detaining people incommunicado, robberies committed by armed militias, unlawful killings by security forces, denying people fundamental rights and the rights of civilians within conflict areas. Many people were detained in both military and police cells. Sometimes, civilians could be arrested because they travelled to or from areas occupied by SPLA-N and many people were arrested by SAF basing on suspicion that they are affiliated to RSF. Many times, the civilians reported cases to police especially where armed people were involved but, the police (authorities) did not bother to investigate or help civilians in that regard. The ongoing fight between SAF and RSF contributed to the decline of the human rights situation in the entire Sudan. The state of insecurity, human rights violations and abuses increased including other parts of Sudan whereby, certain ethnic groups or tribes turned out to be more violent. In conclusion, we recommend that, the two fighting factions (SAF and RSF) should immediately stop the war, engage in the dialogue, respect the international humanitarian law and stop targeting civilians and their property. We also call upon the regional and international bodies to apply pressure on the two fighting/warring factions to stop the war and ensure that, there is accountability for all human rights violations and abuses regardless of the perpetrators. iv