‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﺭﺠ‪‬ﻊ ﺼﺩﻯ ﺘﻘﺩ‪‬ﻡ )ﺃﻭ ﺃﺴﺒﻘﻴ‪‬ﺔ( ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺘﻠﻙ ﺨﻠل ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺭﺅﻴﺘﻪ ﻝﻤﺎ ﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺴ‪‬ﻜﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ "ﺜﻤ ﹶﺔ ’ﺘﻨﺎﻓ ٍﺭ ﻤﻥ ﻗﻭﻯ ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‘ ﻜﺎﺌﻥ‪ ‬ﺘﺤﺘﻪ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ‪ (18 :1982‬ﻭﻤﺘﻬ‪‬ﻴﺊٌ‪ ،‬ﻗﺒﻠﻴﺫﹰﺍ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﺇﺩﺭﺍﻜﻪ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻝﻠ ﹼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻅﹼﺎﻫﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻝﺤﻅ ٍﺔ ﻗﺎﺩﻤﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﺃﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜلﱠ‪ ،‬ﺘﻔﺴﻴ ٍﺭ ﻤﻤﻜﻥ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺽ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﻴﻘ ‪‬ﻭﺽ‪ ،‬ﺒﻐﺘﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺩﻭﻤﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻴﻨﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻀﻌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺤﺘﻤﻴ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﺠ ﹼﺫ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﻩ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﻭ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻤﺎ "ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ" ﻭ"ﺍﻝﺤﻕ"‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺠﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻝﻥ‬ ‫ﻁ‪/‬ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻝ ‪‬ﻪ ﺘﻁﻭﻴﻌﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻜﻤﻥ ﺜﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻤﻘﺩﻭﺭ ِﻩ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺤﺼﺭ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ )ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻴ‪‬ﺴﺘﻁﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩ ِﺭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻪ ﻫﻨﺎﻝﻙ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻴﺭﻤﻴﻨﻭﻁﻴﻘﺎ ﺒﻌﻴﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻭﻤﺴﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺭ ﻤﻥ ﺒﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ل ﻭﺍﺤﺩٍ‪ ،‬ﺁﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ( ﻋﻨﺩ ﺸﻜ ٍ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‪ -‬ﺍﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠ ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ‪ -‬ﺤﻘﻴﻘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺘﻤﻨﻊ "ﺍﻹﻨﺯﻴﺎﺡ ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﺹ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ‪ .(317 :1982‬ﻭﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﻷ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺦ ﺍﻷﻜﺒﺭ( ﺒﻬﻴﺌ ٍﺔ ﻤﻤﺎﺜﻠ ٍﺔ ﻝﺘﻠﻙ‬ ‫ل ﺍﻝﺸﹼﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻤﻠﺘﺒﺴ ٍﺔ ﻋﺩﻴﺩ ٍﺓ )ﻤﻥ "ﻅﺎﻫ ٍﺭ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻅﺎﻫ ٍﺭ"‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻙ ﺨﻠل ﺘﻤﻅﻬﺭﺍ ٍ‬ ‫ﻴﺘﺤ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺠﺎﻙ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻭﺍﺒﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻔﺎﻭﺘﺔ‪ .‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻘﺩﺭِ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻭﻴﻼ ِ‬ ‫ﺹ ﺨﻠل ﺴﻠﺴﻠ ٍﺔ ﻤﻠﺘﺒﺴﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﺒﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺤﺭﻙ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎﻭ ‪‬ﻡ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻨﺜﻴﺎل ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻤﻅﻬﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻴﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻻ ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻪ ﺇﻤ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻀﺒ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻴﻀﻤﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺘﻔﺎﻗﹰﺎ ﺒﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﺍﷲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻝﺤﻴﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﻤﺎ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔﹲ ﺩﻻﻝ ‪‬ﻴﺔﹲ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻘﺎﺌ ِ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻋﺴﻴﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺤﻴﺭ ﹸﺓ ﻫﻲ ﻭﻀﻌ ‪‬ﻴ ﹸﺔ ﺼﺩ ٍ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻫﻭ ﻝﻔﻅ " ﹶﻜ ﹶﻔ ‪‬ﺭ" ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻨﻁﻭﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺠﺫ ٍﺭ ﻋﺭﺒ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﻜﻠﻤﺔ "ﻜﺎﻓﺭ" )"ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺅﻤﻥ" ﺃﻭ "ﻏﻴﺭﻤﻌﺘﻘﺩ"( ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﺼﻼﹰ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺇ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻌل ﺍﻝﺴ‪‬ﺘﺭِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎ ِﺀ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻐﻁﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻴﺘﻤﻭﻝﻭﺠ ‪‬ﻴﹶﺎ )ﺃﻱ ﻝﻔﻅ ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ( ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻓ ‪‬ﺭ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺸﺨﺹ‪ ‬ﻴ‪‬ﺨﻔﻲ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻠﺒﻪ‬ ‫)ﺃﻭﺴﺘﻥ ‪ .(7 :1984‬ﻋﻨﺩ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻗﺩ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺭﻓﺽ ﺍﻹﻗﺭﺍﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﺎﺴﻴﺔ "ﺍﻝﻭﻀﻌﻴﺔ ]ﺍﻷﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴ‪‬ﺔ[ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝـ"ﻫﻭ" ﻫﻭ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻭﺒﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﻠﹾ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍﻝ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻭﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﻝﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺨﹶﻠ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻫﻭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻝﻸﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺸﻲ ﺒﺄ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺍﻹﺨﺒﺎﺭﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺴ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﱠﻔ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ل‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺸﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻵﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻤﺤﺎﻴﺙ )ﺃﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠ ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ( ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺎ ٍ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻙ ﺍﻹﺨﻔﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﺘﻌﻭﺩ ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻌﹼﻠﺔﹸ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺸﺘﻤل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻨﻬﺎ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺤﻘﻴﻘﻲ‪ -‬ﻫﻭ ﺴ ‪‬ﺭ ﻤﺨﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﻨﻤﻨﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﹼﺭ ]ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻜﻴﺩ ﺍﻷﺤﺎﺩﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺼﻑ‪-‬ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻔﻬﻭﻡ ﻭﻓﻌل ﺍﻝﺘﻨﺯﻴﻪ‪" .‬ﻨﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﺍﻝﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﷲ ﻭﺃﻨﻁﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴ‪‬ﺘ ِﻪ[ ﹸﻜﹼﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ"‪ ،‬ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴﻜﺘﺏ ﺍﻝﺸﻴﺦ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪"،‬ﺁﻨﻤﺎ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﹼﺭ ﻤﻭﺩﻴﹰﺎ ﺒﺼﺎﺤﺒﻪ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺨﺩﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺕﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines‬‬ ‫‪Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities‬‬ ‫ا  
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