‫ل ﺸﻴﺌﺎﹰ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻤﻠﺘﺤﻤﹰﺎ ﻭ ‪‬ﻤﺘﹼﺴﻘﹰﺎ ﻤﻨﻁﻘ ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺤﺩﹰﺍ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻥ ﻴﻘﻭ َ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻋﻨﺩﻩ‪ ،‬ﺒﺈﻝﺯﺍ ِﻡ ﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻹﻝﺯﺍ ِﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺒﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻘ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻫﻭﺴﺭل‪ -‬ﺫﻝﻙ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴﺫﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺃﺤﺩ‪‬ﺍ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﻴ ِﻪ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﺫﺍﺘِﻬﺎ" ﻭﻴﻨﺸ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻨﺩﻫﺎ "ﺃﺴﺎﺴﹰﺎ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻀﻭﻋﻴ‪‬ﺔ"‪ -‬ﻭﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺃﺭﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻥ "ﻴﺅﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﺩ‪‬ﻴﻜﺎﺭﺘ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﺍﻋﺘﻘ ‪‬ﺩ ﺃﻨﹼﻪ ﺒﺈﻤﻜﺎﻨ ِﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﺘﺤﺩ‪‬ﺙ ﺒﻁﺭﻴﻘ ٍﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﺸﺭﻭﻉ ﻓﻭﻜﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﺠ‪‬ﻨﻭﻥ ]ﺃﻭ ﺘﺎﺭﻴﺦ ﺍﻝﻌﻴﺎﺩﺓ[ ﺤﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺘﺼﺩ‪‬ﻯ‬ ‫ﻲ‪ -‬ﺍﻝﻼ ﻋﻘﻼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺜﻨﺎﺌ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﻼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺩﻭﻥ‪ ‬ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺃﺤﺎﺒﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻋﻘﻼﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ‪ -‬ﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ٍﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺠ‪‬ﻨﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻻ ﺠﺩﻭﻯ ﺭﺅﻴﺔ ﻝﻴﻔﻴﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻼ‬ ‫ﻝﻨﻘﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﻭﻫﻲ‪ ،‬ﻜﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺘﺼ ‪‬ﻭﺭِ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ‪ ،‬ﺫﺍ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻙ ﻝﻡ ﺘﻨﻜﺸﻑ‬ ‫ﺱ ﻋﻼﻗ ٍﺔ "ﻻ ﻋ‪‬ﻨﻔ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ" ﻤﻊ ﺍﻵﺨﺭ ﺍﻝﻜﹸﻼﻨﻲ ()ﺃﻭ ﺍﻝ ﹸﻜﻠﹼﻲ(‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻨﻬﺎﺌﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻬﺩﻑ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺇﻋﺎﺩ ِﺓ ﺘﺄﺴﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺹ ﺍﻝﻬ‪‬ﺠﻨﺔ" ‪le reve d'une‬‬ ‫ﺤﹸﻠ ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻜ ٍﺭ ﺨﺎﻝ ِ‬ ‫ﺤﹸﻠ ٍﻡ" ﻭﺴﻤﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺒﺄ ﹼﻨ ‪‬ﻪ " ‪‬‬ ‫ﻝﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺇﻻ ﺒﻭﺼﻔﻬﺎ ﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﺴﻭﻯ " ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﺘﻜﻥ‪ -‬ﺇﺫﹰﺍ‪-‬‬ ‫]‪ . perse' purement heterologique [Derrida 1967: 151‬ﻓﻲ ﻜ ّ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺒﻨﺎﺀﻫﻡ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻭﺍ )ﺃﻭ ’ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻬﻡ‘ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺒﻨﻭﺍ( ﺴﻭﻑ ﻴ‪‬ﻬﻴ‪‬ﺊ ﻝﻬﻡ ﺴﻴﻁﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻜﻠ ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻗﻨﺎﻋ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴ‪‬ﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﻁﺌﺔ ﺒﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﺔﹾ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺴﹶ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻠﹼﻐ ِﺔ )ﻭﺘﺴﻤﻴ ِﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ( ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻜ ‪‬ﺭ ‪‬ﺭ ﹰﺓ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺴ ﹶﺘﻨﹾ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﻴ‪‬ﻼﺀ ﺍﻹﻨﺠﻴﻠﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻁﺭﻴﻘ ﹸﺔ‬ ‫ﻙ ﺍﻝﺘﻤﺜﻴل ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺼﺭ ﻝﻠ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻕ ﺫﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺸﻲ ‪‬ﺀ ﺍﻷﻜﺜ ‪‬ﺭ ﺠﺫﺒﹰﺎ ﻝﻺﻫﺘﻤﺎ ِﻡ ﻫﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻭ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻙ )ﻭﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴﻜﻴ‪‬ﺔ(‪ .‬ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻝﻤﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻡ "ﺍﷲ" ﻨﹸﻭﺜﺭﺕ ﺍﻷﻝﺴﻥ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻝﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺭﻯ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﺍﷲ ﻜﺭﺩﻴ ٍ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻔﻜﹼﻙ ﺍﻷﻋﻅﻡ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺃُﺒﻬﻤﺕ ﻭﺘﻀﺎﻋﻔﺕ" )ﻜﺎﻤﻭﻑ‪249 :‬؛ ﺃﻨﻅﺭ ﺃﻴﻀﹰﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ‪1987 :‬ﺏ‪ .(207 :‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺘﻠﻙ ﺍﻝﺤﻜﺎﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺃﺒﻬ ‪‬ﻡ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴ‪‬ﻴﻥ ﺒﺘﺸﻅﻴ ِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﻜﺴﻴﺭﻩ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﺯ ﹶﻗﹰﺎ ﻭﺒﺠﻌﻠﻪ ﻴﺘﻀﺎﻋﻑ ﻤﺭﺘﻴﻥ‪،‬‬ ‫ل ﻜﺴﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻜﻲ ﻴﻔﻌﻠﻭﻥ‪ .‬ﻝﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﻤﻊ ﻜ ّ‬ ‫ﻓﺜﻼﺜﹰﺎ ﺤﺘﹼﻰ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻌﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﺎﻤﻴ‪‬ﻭﻥ ﻴﻌﻠﻤﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﻫﻡ ﻭﻤﺎ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻜﺎﻨﻭﺍ ﻴ‪‬ﺨﻁﹼﻁﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻉ ﻭﺇﺒﻬﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﻋﻼﻤﺎﺘﻬﻡ ﻻ ﻴﻜﻥ ﺇﻝ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻫﻭ ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﻔﺎﻋل ﻝﻠﺘﻔﻜﻴﻙ‬ ‫ﻝﻠﻨﹼﻔﻭﺱِ‪ ،‬ﺇﺭﻏﺎﻤﻪ ﻝﻠﺴﺎﻤﻴ‪‬ﻴﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺘﹼﻀﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻹﺴﻡ ﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻌﻠﹶﻡ "ﺍﷲ" )ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺴﻤ‪‬ﻰ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺴﺏ ﻝﻜﻨﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤ ٍﻭ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﻜﻥ ﻫﻭ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺍﷲ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴ‪‬ﻔﻜﹼﻙ ﻨﻔﺴ ‪‬ﻪ )ﺫﺍﺘ ‪‬ﻪ(‪" -:‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻴﺩلّ‪ ،‬ﺃﻴﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻨﺤ ٍﻭ ﻤﻠﺘﺒﺱٍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺴﻥِ‪ ،‬ﺒﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻜﻔﻲ‪ .‬ﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺒﺤﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﷲ ﺒﻪ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ( ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻘﺴﻡ‪ ‬ﻤ‪‬ﺴﺒﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻷﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﺫﺍ ِﺘ ِﻪ‪ -:‬ﻤ‪‬ﻨﻘﺴﻡ‪ ،‬ﻤ‪‬ﺘﻭ ‪‬ﺯﻉ‪ ،‬ﻤﺘﻘﻠﹼﺏ‬ ‫’ﺍﻹﻝﺘﺒﺎﺱ‘ )ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻁ(‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻝﺤﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﻠﻨﻬﺎ ﻗﺩ ﺃُﻀﺭﻤﺕ‪ ��‬ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﺀِ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺨ َ‬ ‫ﷲ ﺫﺍﺘﻪ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ‪1987 :‬ﺏ‪.(207 :‬‬ ‫ﻙﺍ ُ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻬﻭﻯ ﻭﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ‪ -‬ﻫﻜﺫﺍ ﻴ‪‬ﻔ ﹼﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺭﻯ ﻫﺫﺍ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻨﻔﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻝﻴﺱ ﺒﻤﺴﺘﻁﺎﻋ ِﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻨﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ‪ -:‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺫﻝﻜﻡ ﺸﻲﺀ‪ ‬ﻗﺎﻝ ‪‬ﻪ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﺩ‪‬ﺓ ﻤﺭ‪‬ﺍ ٍ‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻨﺎﺯ‪‬ﻋﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻲ ﻨﻔﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻝﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻘﻊ ﻓﺭﻴﺴ ﹰﺔ ﻝﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﻗﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﻜﻴﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫لﺇ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﻲ ﺘﻌﺎﺒﻴ ٍﺭ ﺃﻜﺜ ‪‬ﺭ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﻨ ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ ﻓﺈﻨﹼﻪ ﻴﻘﻭ ُ‬ ‫ﻙ‬ ‫ﻙ ﻭﺍﻝ ‪‬ﻤ ﹶﻔ ﱠﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻝﻤﺤﻠﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻔ ﱢﻜ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﺎﻨﻴﻜﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﺎﻨﻁﻴﻘﻴﺔ( ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﺴﺘﺸﻔﹼﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻵﺨﺭﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺭﻴﻕﹶ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻤ‪‬ﻨﺎﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines‬‬ ‫‪Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities‬‬ ‫ا  
ا  دا
رات وا  ث  اداب وا  ن وا‬ ‫‪www.sudan-forall.org‬‬ ‫م ا
‬