‫ﻁ"‬ ‫ﻥ ﻜﻠﻤ ﹶﺔ ‪:‬ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻤﺘﻭﺍﺯﻴﻴﻥ‪ .‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺱ ﺘﻘﺎﻁ ٍﻊ ﻭﺍﻓﺘﺭﺍ ٍ‬ ‫ﻁ" ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻼ ِﻡ ﻋﻥ "ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ِ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀ ﹶﺔ ﻻﺸﺘﻘﺎﻗﺎ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﺒﻪ ﻭﻀﻌ‪‬ﻴ ﹰﺔ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻝﻬﺫﺍ ﺇﺫ ﻨﺼ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻰ ﻤﺨﺎﻝ ٍ‬ ‫ﻙ ﺒﻤﻌﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﺫﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ِﺀ ﻤﻌﹰﺎ"‪ .‬ﻝﻜﻨﹼﻨﺎ ﻏﺎﻝﺒﹰﺎ ﻤﺎ ﻨﺴﺘﻌﻤ ُ‬ ‫ﺘﻌﻨﻲ‪ ،‬ﺤﺭﻓ ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪" ،‬ﺘﻭﺍ ﹸﺜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻵﻥِ‪ ،‬ﻤﺨﺘﻠﻁ ﹰﺔ ﻭﺃﻜﺜ ‪‬ﺭ ﺒﺴﺎﻁ ﹰﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ل ﺍﻷﺸﻴﺎ ‪‬ﺀ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻑ ﻴﺠﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﺍﺤﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺘﺤﺩﺜﺙ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺃﺸﻴﺎﺀ ﻋﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗ ٍ‬ ‫ﺸﺘﹼﻰ‪ .‬ﻝﻜﻨﹼﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺕ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻔﻜﹼﻙ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﻝﻰ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝ ﹼ‬ ‫ﺏ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺠﺯﻴ‪‬ﺌﺎﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻴﺴﺘﻐﻨﻲ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﻘﻴﺩﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﺇﻨﹼﻪ ﻴﻜﺴﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻤﻨ ‪‬ﻪ‬ ‫ﻲ( ﻜﻲ ﻴ‪‬ﻁﻠ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻲ )ﺍﻷﺴﺎﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺴ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻷﻭ‪‬ﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻱ ﻨﺹ‪ ‬ﻤﺴﺘﻌﺼﻴﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻘﺭﺍﺀ ِﺓ ﺇﺫ ﻫ‪‬ﻭ ﻴ‪‬ﻌﺠ ‪‬ﺯ ﺤ ‪‬‬ ‫لﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﻭﻗﺕِ‪ ،‬ﻴﺠﻌ ُ‬ ‫ﺫﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻘﺎلَ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌ ِﺩ ﺫﻝﻙ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺙ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻤﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺏ ﻋﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺒﺫﻝﻙ‪ ،‬ﺩﻓﹼﺘ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻤﻭﻁﻴﻘﻴ‪‬ﺔ ﺒﺤﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻓﺭﻁﹰﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭ ‪‬ﻴ ِﺔ ﻭﻴ‪‬ﻐﺼ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃ ﹼﻨ ‪‬ﻪ ﻜﺎﻥ ﻤ‪‬ﺒﺤﺭﹰﺍ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺘﹼﺠﺎ ٍﻩ ﻤﺨﺼﻭﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ل ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻴﺸﺘﻐلُ‪ ،‬ﺒﻭﻀﻭﺡٍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ل‪/‬ﻴ‪‬ﺨﻠﺨ ُ‬ ‫ﺙ ﻜﻭﻨ ِﻪ ﺸﻴﺌﹰﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﻠﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﻴ ‪‬ﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ‪ ،difference‬ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ل ﻜﻠﻤ ِﺔ ﻨﺹ )ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻨﺤﺩﺭﺓ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻼﺘﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪ ، textus‬ﺃﻱ ﻗﻤﺎﺵ(‪ ...‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻰ ﺫﻱ ﺼﻠ ٍﺔ ﺒﺄﺼﻭ ِ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﻅﹼﻲ ﻴﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﺒﻼ ﻨﻬﺎﻴﺔٍ‪ ،‬ﺸ ﹼﻘﹰﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺘﺎﺒ ِﺔ ﻻ‬ ‫ﺠ ‪‬ﻪ‪" .‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﻨﺴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑ‪ ،‬ﺃﺒﺩ ‪‬ﻴﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﺒﺄﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺤﻠﺤ َ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻗِﻤﺎﺵﹲ ﻴ‪‬ﻬ ‪‬ﺩ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻁ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻥ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ‪"le dissemination ouvre, san fin, cet :(26 :1972‬‬ ‫ﻴﻤﻜﻥ ﻝﻪ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺒﻌﺩ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﺨﺎ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺏ ﻤﻥ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻝ ‪‬ﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻴﻬﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﻴﻤﻜ ‪‬‬ ‫‪ . " accroc de l'ecriture qui ne se laisse plus recoudre‬ﻝﻴﺱ ﻤﻥ ﻋﻤ ٍ‬ ‫ﻅ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﻠﻔ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻕ ﻫﻨﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻨﺫ ﹸﻜ ‪‬ﺭ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ل ﹶﺘﻤ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﻤ ‪‬ﻪ‪ ...‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺸﹼﺎﺌ ِ‬ ‫ﻫﺫﺍ ’ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺭﺘﻴﻕ‘‪ ،‬ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻹﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺭﻭﺙ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻀﺭ ﺃﺒﺩﺍﹰ‪ ،‬ﻷﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻬﻠﻬ َ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺒﻲ‪ ‬ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﺒﻜﺜﺭﺓٍ‪ ،‬ﻝﻺﺸﺎﺭ ِﺓ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺍﻹﻴﻤﺎﻥ )ﻭﻫﻭ ﻝﻔﻅ ﺍﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ‪/‬ﻋﻘﻴﺩﺓ( ﻴﻠﻘﻰ ﺠﺫﺭ ﻤﻌﻨﺎ ‪‬ﻩ ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ "ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻁ ﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻤﺎ ﺒﺈﺤﻜﺎﻡ‪) ‬ﺠﻴﺘﻴﻙ ‪ .(335 :1989‬ﻝﺫﺍ ﺤﻴﻥ ﻴﻘﻭل ﺍﺒﻥ ﻋﺭﺒﻲ ﻜﻴﻑ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻕ ﻋﻘﺩ ٍﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺒ ِ‬ ‫ل ﺘﻭﺜﻴ ِ‬ ‫ﻓﻌ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ "ﻤﺎ ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻋ ٍﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻥ ﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻨﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﻨﺫﺍﻙ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻤﻥ ﺠﻤﺎﻋ ٍﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻭﺁﻤﻨﻭﺍ ﺒﺸﻲ ٍﺀ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺒﺘﺼ ‪‬ﻭ ٍﺭ ﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺤﻭل ﺍﷲ" ﻓﺈ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻗﺩ ﻋﻘﺩﺕ ﻋ‪‬ﻘﺩ ﹰﺓ ﺒﺫﺍﺘﻬﺎ ﺤﻭل ﺍﷲ" )ﺠﻴﺘﻴﻙ ‪339 :1989‬؛ ﻴﺤﻴﻰ‪ . (15.266.1 :‬ﻭﻜﻭﻥ ﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﷲ ﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﻨﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ل ﺤﺭﻜ ﹸﺔ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑِ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻨ ‪‬ﺩ‪-‬‬ ‫ل‪/‬ﺘﹸﺤﻠﺤ ُ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻋﻘﺩ ٍﺓ ﺃُﻨﺸﺌﺕﹾ ﺒﺸﺄﻨﻪ‪ ،‬ﺘﻤﺎﻤﹰﺎ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺘﹸﺨﻠﺨ ُ‬ ‫ﻙﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺒﺎﻝﺘﺒﺎﺱٍ‪ ،‬ﻋﻥ ﺃﻥ ﻴ‪‬ﻔ ﹼﻜ ‪‬ﺭ ﻓﻴ ِﻪ ﻴ ﹸﻔ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺨﹶﻠﺘﹾ ‪‬ﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﺩﺍ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻱﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ‪ -‬ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻜﺭ‪ ،‬ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻜﺫﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻌﺒ‪‬ﺭ ﺒﻬﺎ ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻋﻥ ﻤﻌﻨﻴﻲ ﺍﻹﺨﺘﻼﻑ ﻭ’ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻨﺎﺜﺭ‘ )ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺸﻅﹼﻲ( ﻴﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺃﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﻨﺴ‪‬ﻰ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺭ‪‬ﻏﻡ ﺘﻨﻭ‪‬ﻉ ﺍﻹﺴﺘﻌﺎﺭﺍ ِ‬ ‫ﻥ‬ ‫ﺸﻭ‪‬ﺵ‪ .‬ﺇ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨﺹ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤ ‪‬ﺩ ﺫﺍ ِﺘﻪِ‪ ،‬ﺴﺎﺒﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﺒﻠﺒل ﻭﺍﻝ ﹼﺘ ﹶ‬ ‫ﻑﺃ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ ﻭﺇﻨﹼﻤﺎ ﻴ‪‬ﻅﻬ ‪‬ﺭ ﻜﻴ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺵ )ﻋﻤﺩﹰﺍ( ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ﻫﻨﺎ ﻻ ﻴ‪‬ﺸ ‪‬ﻭ ﹸ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺨٍ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺘﺩ ﹼ‬ ‫ﻕﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺹ" )ﺩﺭﻴﺩﺍ ‪ (317 :1982‬ﻴﺴﺒ ﹸ‬ ‫ﻱ ﻝﻠ ﹼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺡ ﺍﻝﺠ‪‬ﻭﻫﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻋﻤﻠ ‪‬ﻴﺔﹲ ﻜﺸﻔ ‪‬ﻴﺔﹲ ﻭﻝﻴﺴﺕ ﺘﻨﺒﻴﻬﻴ‪‬ﺔ‪ .‬ﻓـ"ﺍﻹﻨﺯﻴﺎ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓﻭﻀﻰ ﺇﻝﻰ‬ ‫ﺹ ﺘ ﹸﻜﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻤﹰﺎ ﻭﻤ‪‬ﺴﺒﻘﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎل ﺍﻨﺯﻴﺎﺡ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﺌﻥ ﻴﺠﻠﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﹼﻔﻜﻴ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺼﻭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻨﻅﺭﻱ‪ .‬ﺫﺍ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﺍﻝﻌﻨﺎﺼ ‪‬ﺭ ﺍﻝﻼﻤﻨﻀﺒﻁﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻨﹼﺹ ﻗﺩ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ‪ ،‬ﺒﺎﺴﺘﻤﺭﺍﺭٍ‪ ،‬ﻤﺎﺌﺠ ﹰﺔ ﻭﻤﺜﺎﺒﺭ ﹰﺓ‬ ‫ﻥ ﺘﻠ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻑﺃ‪‬‬ ‫ﻙ ﻓﻘﻁ ﺒﺈﻅﻬﺎ ِﺭ ﻜﻴ ﹶ‬ ‫ﺹ ﻓﺫﻝ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝ ﹼﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Société Soudanaise des Etudes et Recherches en Arts, Lettres et Sciences Humaines‬‬ ‫‪Sudanese Society for Research in Arts and Humanities‬‬ ‫ا  
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