    On the 11th April the Sudan Council of Ministers endorsed the creation of West Kordofan State. This decision is believed to be one of the main factors of escalating the fight in the region, together with the continuous aerial bombarding of SPLA- N controlled areas, which led to many fatality and injuries among civilians. 12th April, 2013 marked the first visit of the Sudanese president to South Sudan since the separation in July 2011. On the same day the SPLA - N shelled Kadugli town with three bombs led to the death of four civilians. On the 15th April the SPLA - N clashed with government troops and captured three areas 20 km east of Kadugli, namely Adandor, Baagaya and AlRemeila. Immediately after the 26th April negotiation between SPLM -N and the government of Sudan had broken down, on 27th April, the NRF conducted an extensive military operations, that was considered to be the first of its kind in so many ways.  Firstly It is the first joint operation carried by all the parties of NRF.  Secondly, the bottle field has been moved to extreme north to North Kordofan State by attacking the second biggest town in Kordofan region (Umm Rawaba).  lastly the fighting took place in many areas extended from the extreme southern part of South Kordofan to the border of North Kordofan with White Nile and three towns (Abu Kershola, Chamchaka and Kateera) have been captured, all these fighting happened simultaneously. Humanitarian situation As a result of the above mentioned security collapse, it is estimated that more 30,000 people from Abu Kershola and the surrounding villages have fled their homes, estimated to be around 20,000 out of them settled in El Rahad, and the remaining with other people form Um Rawaba and Umm berembeita have moved to further towns ( Khartoum, El Obeid, Kosti, Madani, and Sinar). The number of IDPs in El Rahad, who fled from Abu Kershola is located in four schools and their relatives who live in the town. They received some aid in form of food and basic commodities from the government, El Rahad Commercial Chamber and the local residents community. However, need still persist. Abu Kershola: It is small town lays on fertile area at the northern part of Eastern region of South Kordufan state, and it surrounded by many villages. This area known for agricultural and gardening activities. It is community consists of Hawazma Arab tribe (mainly Asserra, Aiatga and Tougeiya), and non Nuba ethnicity (Fallata, Hawsa, Barno and Bargo). But the Nubian is a very small group (this group now facing a very serious threats among the IDPs in El Rahad). Please note that, the situation of the IDPs in Al-mashagga, Um Marreh Village, Mabsut Village, and other camps are getting worse and worse, and many IDPs started to leave the camps, due to the scarcity of water and lack of food. It is expected that a large number of them will join Abu Kershola IDPs in El-Rahad camps very soon in search of water, foods and shelter. Unless the security challenges from government authorities and El Rahad IDPs (ethnicity issues) towards them may prevent them to do that. Arrests: The campaign still continuing in South Kordofan, more than 10 have been arrested in April, and those Christian detainees who have been released earlier in the month are still reporting to NISS offices on a daily basis. It is expected that the number of arbitrary arrests will increase dramatically, as a result of the latest SRF attacks, this will target a groups of Nuba Mountains, Blue Nile and Darfur, and will be particularly vulnerable . II